Lecture
Advanced Analytical Tools for Characterizing Lithium-Ion Battery Behavior
- at -
- ICM Saal 3
- Type: Lecture
Lecture description
F.-M. Matysik, Regensburg/DE, J. Eidenschink, Regensburg/DE, J. Scharf, München/DE, S. Schönemeier, München/DE
With the growing importance of electromobility, the demand for advanced lithium-ion batteries has intensified. The further improvement of these batteries is crucial for enhancing performance characteristics such as energy density, lifespan, fast charging capabilities, and the stability of electrodes and electrolytes.
The rapid development of lithium batteries involves frequent changes in electrode materials and electrolyte compositions. Consequently, there is a need for an adaptable analytical toolbox that can accommodate evolving battery specifications. This toolbox should enable detailed characterization of relevant components, providing essential feedback for a comprehensive understanding of the system.
While some battery components can be characterized using conventional analytical techniques like HPLC-MS, head-space GC-MS, ion chromatography-MS, and ICPOES, significant challenges remain. These include handling all components under inert conditions, dealing with limited electrolyte volumes, and the risk of alterations during the analytical process. Therefore, in operando methods are particularly needed to enable characterization under real operational conditions.
This contribution presents and discusses several analytical developments for the characterization of lithium-ion batteries. One example is the online MS study of gases involved in SEI formation. MS is a powerful tool for analyzing gases evolved during the initial charging cycles of the battery. The discussion will address challenges related to the analytical response time of online MS measurements, and electroanalytical methods will be employed to characterize the response time characteristics. [1]
Another challenge is developing suitable extraction methods for electrolyte characterization, as most of the electrolyte is absorbed by the electrodes and
separator, leaving a very limited volume. It's crucial to detect changes in electrolyte composition and identify relevant degradation products. [2]
Additionally, scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is used in operando to characterize graphite electrodes during the first charging cycles. Novel approaches enable the generation of images with spatial resolution of electrochemical activity (via SECM) and surface morphology (via simultaneous scanning ion conductance microscopy, SICM). [3]
Furthermore, a new concept will be introduced to reduce the amount of mediator added to the battery electrolyte for SECM, minimizing artifacts in
battery operation. [4]
Literature:
[1] J. Scharf, F.-M. Matysik, Monatshefte für Chemie – Chemical Monthly, 2023, 154, 1025.
[2] S. Schönemeier, V. Peters, F. Horsthemke, H. Seo, F.-M. Matysik, Anal. Chim. Acta, 2025, 1336, 343530.
[3] J. Eidenschink, F.-M. Matysik, ChemElectroChem, 2024, 11, e202300577. [4] J. Eidenschink, F.-M. Matysik, ChemElectroChem, 2024,11, e202400311.
With the growing importance of electromobility, the demand for advanced lithium-ion batteries has intensified. The further improvement of these batteries is crucial for enhancing performance characteristics such as energy density, lifespan, fast charging capabilities, and the stability of electrodes and electrolytes.
The rapid development of lithium batteries involves frequent changes in electrode materials and electrolyte compositions. Consequently, there is a need for an adaptable analytical toolbox that can accommodate evolving battery specifications. This toolbox should enable detailed characterization of relevant components, providing essential feedback for a comprehensive understanding of the system.
While some battery components can be characterized using conventional analytical techniques like HPLC-MS, head-space GC-MS, ion chromatography-MS, and ICPOES, significant challenges remain. These include handling all components under inert conditions, dealing with limited electrolyte volumes, and the risk of alterations during the analytical process. Therefore, in operando methods are particularly needed to enable characterization under real operational conditions.
This contribution presents and discusses several analytical developments for the characterization of lithium-ion batteries. One example is the online MS study of gases involved in SEI formation. MS is a powerful tool for analyzing gases evolved during the initial charging cycles of the battery. The discussion will address challenges related to the analytical response time of online MS measurements, and electroanalytical methods will be employed to characterize the response time characteristics. [1]
Another challenge is developing suitable extraction methods for electrolyte characterization, as most of the electrolyte is absorbed by the electrodes and
separator, leaving a very limited volume. It's crucial to detect changes in electrolyte composition and identify relevant degradation products. [2]
Additionally, scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is used in operando to characterize graphite electrodes during the first charging cycles. Novel approaches enable the generation of images with spatial resolution of electrochemical activity (via SECM) and surface morphology (via simultaneous scanning ion conductance microscopy, SICM). [3]
Furthermore, a new concept will be introduced to reduce the amount of mediator added to the battery electrolyte for SECM, minimizing artifacts in
battery operation. [4]
Literature:
[1] J. Scharf, F.-M. Matysik, Monatshefte für Chemie – Chemical Monthly, 2023, 154, 1025.
[2] S. Schönemeier, V. Peters, F. Horsthemke, H. Seo, F.-M. Matysik, Anal. Chim. Acta, 2025, 1336, 343530.
[3] J. Eidenschink, F.-M. Matysik, ChemElectroChem, 2024, 11, e202300577. [4] J. Eidenschink, F.-M. Matysik, ChemElectroChem, 2024,11, e202400311.
