The advent of molecular biology has had a great impact on our understanding of IgEmediated allergic diseases. In par>cular, new tests have been developed for in vitro diagnos>cs of respiratory and food allergies, some of which specifically suited to the pediatric age. The most important basic concepts and defini>ons of molecular allergology will be presented, with details on molecular advances in diagnos>cs of allergic rhini>s and asthma. The IgE response expand from one to more molecules of the same allergen source and discuss how this observa>on has modified our understanding of immunological interven>on, poin>ng our aLen>on on earlier diagnosis, immunotherapy and even allergenspecific immunoprophylaxis. Molecular IgE tests not only address biomarkers of specific phenotypes of allergic rhini>s, disease severity and comorbidi>es (oral allergy syndrome, asthma) but they also help in the iden>fica>on of the culprit allergen for a more precise prescrip>on of allergen immunotherapy. Similarly, molecular allergology provided insights on the evolu>on of IgE responses to food allergens in childhood, so that some molecules can be used as biomarkers of primary food allergy and other, associated with less severe symptoms, as biomarkers of cross-reac>ve reac>ons. Guidelines and textbooks facilitate the use of molecular singleplex and multiplex tests, including allergen microarrays, in clinical prac>ce. Digital health tools and clinical decision support systems are being developed to make new technologies user-friendly.
